Parvin Navaeipour, Ibraheem Al-Naib, and Marc M. Dignam
https://journals.aps.org/pra/accepted/9d079Na9Xb5E1f14a01c97532b94dc5b4ed24535c
Graphene as a zero-bandgap two-dimensional semiconductor with a linear electron band dispersion near the Dirac points has the potential to exhibit very interesting nonlinear optical properties. In particular, third harmonic generation of terahertz radiation should occur due to the nonlinear relationship between the crystal momentum and the current density. In this work, we investigate the terahertz nonlinear response of graphene inside a parallel-plate waveguide. We optimize the plate separation and Fermi energy of the graphene to maximize third harmonic generation, by maximizing the nonlinear interaction while minimizing the loss and phase mismatch. The results obtained show an increase by more than a factor of 100 in the power efficiency relative to a normal-incidence configuration for a 2.0 terahertz incident field.
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